scratch

音标发音

• 英式音标 [skrætʃ]
• 美式音标 [skrætʃ]
• 国际音标 [skrætʃ]
• 英式发音
• 美式发音

基本解释

• n. 擦伤；抓痕；刮擦声；乱写
• adj. 打草稿用的；凑合的；碰巧的
• vt. 抓；刮；挖出；乱涂
• vi. 抓；搔；发刮擦声；勉强糊口；退出比赛

词源解说

• 1474年进入英语，直接源自中世纪英语的scratten and crachen，意为抓。

同根派生

• adj性质的同根词

  scratchy：潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的。

• n性质的同根词

  scratcher：抓扒者；抓扒工具。

• scratch相关词

用法辨析

v. (动词)

• scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用带光(而非带刃)的东西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮线或穿孔。动作的发出者多没有明确的目的,而动作的承受者多受到一定程度的损害。引申可表示“刮伤”“勾掉”“刻画”“艰难地谋生”“退出比赛”等。
• scratch既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语。

• scratch使用方法
• scratch详细辨析

英汉例句

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词: S+～(+A)

• The dog is always scratching.
  那条狗老是搔痒。

用作及物动词: S+～+ n./pron.

• He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.
  他有一种奇怪的习惯,一讲话就搔耳朵。

用作名词 (n.)

• His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.
  他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。

• scratch更多例句

词组短语

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• scratch one 's legs 刺伤双腿
• scratch a hole 扒坑
• scratch the table 划坏桌子

～+副词

• scratch eagerly 热心地勾掉
• scratch inadvertently 非故意地刮伤
• scratch industriously 勤奋地抓

• scratch更多词组

英英字典

剑桥英英字典

• (CUT) to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough
• (REMOVE) to remove yourself or another person or an animal from a competition before the start
• (STOP) to decide not to do something you had planned to do
• a mark made by scratching
• a group of people brought together in a hurry in order to play together on a particular occasion

柯林斯英英字典

• If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
• If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
• Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
• If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
• If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

• scratch剑桥字典
• scratch柯林斯字典

专业释义

计算机科学技术

• 擦除(数据等)
• 刮
• 刮痕
• 暂用

能源科学技术

• 划伤

  The silicon wafer of IC manufacturing is required not only high degree of the plane, minimum surface roughness but also without metamorphic layer and scratch on the surface.
  制造IC的硅片不仅要求极高的平面度，极小的表面粗糙度，而且要求表面无变质层、无划伤。

  机械工程

• 划痕

  The microhardness,binding force,porosity,the anti-corrosive and wear resistant performances are studied by using Vickers microhardness microscope,scratch tester, corrosive test,NSS and wear testing machine.
  利用显微维氏硬度计、涂层附着力划痕仪、腐蚀法、中性盐雾试验法（NSS）以及磨损试验机对镍基TiN纳米复合镀层和镍镀层的显微硬度、结合力、孔隙率、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能等进行对比研究分析。

• 刮伤

体育

• (赛马等)退出比赛，弃权：
• 失误；侥幸击中
• 未得分
• 零分

农业科学

• 马脚葡萄疮