penalty

音标发音

• 英式音标 ['pen(ə)ltɪ'penəltɪ]
• 美式音标 [ˈpen.əl.ti]
• 国际音标 ['penəlti]
• 英式发音
• 美式发音

基本解释

• n.处罚；惩罚；不利；罚球

词源解说

• 15世纪中期进入英语，直接源自古法语的penalite；最初源自中世纪拉丁语的poenalitatem，意为处罚。

词根记忆

• pen(刑事的) + al + ty(名词后缀)→惩罚；罚金
• pen(惩罚) + al + ty→处罚，惩罚
• 来自penal(a.刑事的)
• 来自penal(a.刑罚的，惩罚的)

同根派生

• n性质的同根词

  penalization：惩罚；处罚。

• vt性质的同根词

  penalize：处罚；处刑；使不利。

  penalise：惩罚，处罚；使…处于严重不利地位。

• penalty相关词

英汉例句

用作名词 (n.)

• If you knocked the ball with your hand in football, you will suffer a penalty.
  如果在踢足球时你用手碰到球,你将受到处罚。

• penalty更多例句

词组短语

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• give a penalty 处罚
• impose a penalty 予以惩罚
• pay the penalty 得报应，受惩罚

形容词+～

• light penalty 轻罚
• severe penalty 严厉的处罚
• the full penalty 全部代价

名词+～

• death penalty 死刑

～+介词

• penalty for 罚金；对…的处罚

短语

• point penalty 罚分;扣分处罚

• penalty更多词组

英英字典

剑桥英英字典

• (PUNISHMENT) a punishment, or the usual punishment, for doing something that is against a law
• (DISADVANTAGE) a disadvantage brought about as a result of a situation or action

柯林斯英英字典

• A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule.
• In sports such as football, American football, and hockey, a penalty is a disadvantage forced on the team that breaks a rule.
• Thepenalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result.

• penalty剑桥字典
• penalty柯林斯字典

专业释义

法学

• 处罚

  The fifth part:The penalty of Joint Principal Offender.
  第五部分:共同正犯的处罚。

  经济学

• 惩罚

  For example, the regulation on consumer scope, penalty, advertisement and training etc.
  例如，欧盟关于消费者范围的厘定、欧盟消费者保护中的惩罚性赔偿制度、广告制度、消费者教育制度等。

• 罚款

  Finally, we use the game theory and the optimum method to discuss the optimum audit and the penalty project.
  最后,运用博弈论和最优化方法进一步探讨了反逃税的最优稽查和罚款方案的设计。

• 违约金

计算机科学技术

• 惩罚

  This paper proposes a new penalty model in mechanisms.
  针对原有惩罚方法的缺陷，提出新的机制惩罚模型。

• 损失

历史学

• 刑罚

  Ch’iu chun point out that penalty contributes to the role of education, and it can make up the deficiencies in the rule of virtue.
  丘濬看到刑罚也有辅助教化的作用,可以弥补德治的缺陷。

  体育

• 球点球

  Ball penalty goal success rate relatively high.
  球点球的进球成功率比较高。

• 罚则；被罚下场
• 罚球；【桥牌】罚分