else

音标发音

else的基本意思是“另外的”“别的”“除去”“其他”。有时也可表示“否则”“要不然”,它是or else省略or的用法。在日常口语中, else有时用在句中仅起强调作用,而实际上它并没有增添什么新意思。
else用来修饰疑问代词(who, whose, what, whoever, whatever)或疑问副词(why, when, where, how),以及以any-, every-, some-, no-与-body,-one,-thing, -where 合成的复合不定代词和much, little, all, a great〔good〕 deal等数量词,在句中作后置定语,但在which后不可用else。
当all, a good〔great〕 deal, a lot, a little, much等与else连用作主语时,谓语动词须用单数形式。
当else后面跟着but, except或besides和一个宾语时, else是多余的,应删去。
在比较句中,如果比较的主体和比较的对象属同一类,而比较的对象又是all, everyone, anybody等词时,必须加else以排除比较的主体。
else的所有格形式是else's,但与someone或anyone连用时,应说someone else's,不能说someone's else。
else无比较级和最高级形式。

used after words beginning with any-, every-, no-, and some-, or after how, what, where, who, why, but not which, to mean 'other', 'another', 'different', 'extra'

You use else after words such as "anywhere," "someone," and "what" to refer in a vague way to another person, place, or thing.
Else is also an adverb.
You use else after words such as "everyone," "everything," and "everywhere" to refer in a vague way to all the other people, things, or places except the one you are talking about.
Else is also an adverb.
You use or else after stating a logical conclusion, to indicate that what you are about to say is evidence for that conclusion.
You use or else to introduce a statement that indicates the unpleasant results that will occur if someone does or does not do something.
You use or else to introduce the second of two possibilities when you do not know which one is true.
Above all else is used to emphasize that a particular thing is more important than other things.
You can say "if nothing else" to indicate that what you are mentioning is, in your opinion, the only good thing in a particular situation.
You say "or else" after a command to warn someone that if they do not obey, you will be angry and may harm or punish them.