effort

常用用法

effort的基本意思是“力气”“努力”,指做某事所使用的力气和努力,作此解时只用作单数形式,引申表示“努力”“奋斗”,指费力做某事或艰苦的尝试,作此解时是可数名词。effort还可表示“努力的事例”“努力的成果”,即“作品”“成就”,为可数名词。
effort表示“努力”时,其后可接动词不定式作其定语,偶尔也可接介词短语作定语。
make efforts, make an effort, make every effort后面常接动词不定式,表示“努力做某事”,接an effort时表示“做一番努力”; 接efforts时表示“作出多次努力”,接every effort表示“每做一次努力”。
effort指“努力”时，后面跟不定式。His effort to reform her at length succeeded. 他为改变她作出努力最后取得了成功。
effort指“作品”时，后面跟at和动名词或名词。This is his effort at depicting the peasants. 这是他描绘农民的一幅作品。
effort指“努力”时，是抽象名词，不可直接用于make后。只能以an effort，efforts，every efforts等形式出现；
表示相反的状态时，用without effort或without great effort中，注意是单数effort；
effort可用于以下句型中：Effort has been made to...（不定式），Effort has been directed to...（介词）或make special effort to...（不定式）等。

这组词都可作“努力”解。其区别是：
effort(s)着重指动作的本身; endeavour(s)着重作出努力的认真和决心; exertion(s)着重于动作的积极性或剧烈性; bid着重于为达到某种企图而作出的努力; pain(s)侧重为完成某事花费气力。例如:
I will make a great effort to master English我会努力掌握英语。
The cabinet is making all possible endeavours to bring about national economic stabilization.政府内阁将尽最大努力使国家经济趋于稳定。
I was quite hot and tired after all my exertions.用力干后,我又热又累。
Our Department is making a bid for the interdepartmental basketball championship.我们系正力求夺取系际的篮球赛冠军。
For thirty years,Teacher Liu has been taking great pains in educating us.30年来,刘教员一直劳心努力地教育我们。